Like, how exactly? With a separate firewall between WAN and the TP Link? It makes little sense because TP Link makes cheap home routers and adding a firewall to the design would make the whole setup expensive.
Using a lab setup, not all the time. If you’re worried about these things you can reuse your lab setup to test multiple devices for “phoning home” packets.
Setup a lab using an old PC with two Ethernet cards, a WiFi card, etc. and observe the traffic flowing through it from the device you connect.
If it’s phoning home you’ll see those messages.
If you think it’s event based, or targeted surveillance, you’ll need to get more creative. But in OPs post it sounded closer to “logging everything and sending it all back” - if you’re already technically inclined that’s detectable with less effort than a lifetime of worrying about such things.
Like, how exactly? With a separate firewall between WAN and the TP Link? It makes little sense because TP Link makes cheap home routers and adding a firewall to the design would make the whole setup expensive.