FYI it's dynamically loaded on demand, so lsmod will show it after you try run the exploit, or you can explicitly load it with:

  modprobe algif_aead

The following mitigation (from the article) does work for Debian 12 and 13, I've tested this:

  echo "install algif_aead /bin/false" > /etc/modprobe.d/disable-algif.conf
  rmmod algif_aead 2>/dev/null || true

First line blocks it from loading, second line is unloading it if it's already been loaded. You can test with the same "modprobe algif_aead".